A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: MX/Loader.php

Line Number: 160

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 160
Function: strtolower

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 132

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 290

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 164

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 233

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 313

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 354

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 282

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 294

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 304

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 314

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 315

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 316

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 317

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 375

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 108

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 110

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: MX/Loader.php

Line Number: 160

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 160
Function: strtolower

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: MX/Loader.php

Line Number: 160

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 160
Function: strtolower

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: MX/Loader.php

Line Number: 160

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 160
Function: strtolower

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Researcher/controllers/Researcher.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

Fajar B. Hirawan | CSIS

Fajar B. Hirawan

Position : Head, Department of Economics
Organization : Centre for Strategic and International Studies


Fajar B. Hirawan is a Researcher at the Department of Economics, Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). He has joined CSIS since November 2006. His research mainly focuses on how to improve the economy in the global world, including related to the issue of food security, international trade, creative/digital economy, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), rural-urban poverty, and any issues in development economics. He is active in several research networks nationally, regionally, and globally.

Since 2010, he has been active teaching in several universities in Indonesia, such as University of Indonesia, Prasetiya Mulya Business School, University of Multimedia Nusantara, and School of Government and Public Policy. As a Faculty Member at School of Government and Public Policy, he teaches several courses, such as Macroeconomics, Policies for Economic Development, and Indonesia and its Interconnected World. Besides research and teaching activities, he is also very active in public debate related to economic issues through the seminar, workshop, papers/articles, and media interviews.

Fajar received his Bachelor degree in Economics at Faculty of Economics, University of Indonesia (2006) and Master in Development Studies at University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Italy (2009). He holds a Ph.D. in Economics from School of Economics, University of Sydney, Australia (2017).

Research Interest

food security, international trade, creative/digital economy, SMEs, rural-urban poverty, development economics.


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