A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: MX/Loader.php

Line Number: 160

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 160
Function: strtolower

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 132

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 290

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 164

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 233

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 313

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 354

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 282

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 294

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 304

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 314

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 315

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 316

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 317

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 375

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 108

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 110

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: MX/Loader.php

Line Number: 160

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 160
Function: strtolower

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: MX/Loader.php

Line Number: 160

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 160
Function: strtolower

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: MX/Loader.php

Line Number: 160

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 160
Function: strtolower

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/old.csis.or.id/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

Noory Okthariza | CSIS

Noory Okthariza

Position : Researcher, Department of Politics and Social Change
Organization : Centre for Strategic and International Studies


Noory Okthariza joined CSIS in 2017. His research primarily focuses on the process of political development and democratization in developing countries.

He earned his BA in Philosophy from the University of Indonesia in 2011. In 2014, he received the Fulbright Scholarship to pursue his MA in Political Science at Ohio University. A year later, he was awarded Graduate Assistantship and Karen Jenkins King Memorial Scholarship to honor his work during his time at Ohio University. He received additional educations from the Department of Political Science at the University of Indonesia and the Middlebury Institute of International Studies, California

Research Interest

Comparative politics, political economy of development, state formation, democratization, survey research


SOCIAL MEDIA